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Since 1850, sports in Australia have reflected the Aboriginal experience -- one of racism & lessening participation. Using cricket to illustrate, the Aboriginal experience is examined 1860-1990. Aborigines participated in cricket with great enthusiasm & talent, & were able to play freely until 1904, when legislation was introduced to limit white-Aborigine relations. Although popular with spectators, Aborigines were restricted from participation, & stars of the era met with hard times. The 1960s ushered in a time of international reconsideration of the treatment of Aborigines, & sports such as rugby, horse racing, & boxing saw more Aboriginal personalities. While the present situation still finds Aborigines lower in social status, sports have become an equalizing factor. A. Cole

The practice of sport between different ethnic groups may lead to the experience of strangerhood, and forms of racism may find their way into sport. There are few satisfactory approaches toward explaining these phenomena, because insufficient consideration is given to the role of the body in sport. Since the body is a fait social et culturel, an experience of strangerhood may arise when people of different origins interact through the medium of the body. This is the focus of the first part of the article. The second part deals with the question of which social and political conditions lead to a racist perception and interpretation of bodily distinctions. In conclusion, an outlook is given of further questions to be investigated. It is argued that the sociology of migration and research into racism ought to devote more attention than hitherto to social structures in an embodied state and to body-related orientations of values in immigration countries.

Introduction -- Theories of "race" and racism in sport and the media -- A level playing field? diversity and sports journalism -- Athletics: the fastest "race" -- Boxing: "race" on the ropes -- Cricket: fair play in reporting the imperial game? -- Football: the excluded Asian representation -- F1 racing: non-whites in the "world's whitest sport

Die Sozial- und Sportwissenschaften in Deutschland tun sich während der 70er, 80er und 90er Jahre noch schwer mit der Erforschung des Sports in der Einwanderungsgesellschaft. Das ist umso erstaunlicher, als der Erwartungsdruck, der auf dem Sport lastet, extrem groß ist. Gilt es doch auf der Ebene normativ-politischer Diskurse als Selbstverständlichkeit, daß er mehr als jeder andere gesellschaftliche Bereich die Integration von Fremden vorantreibt. Es ist aber gerade die damit verbundene und zum Dogma erstarrte Auffassung vom Sport als einer kulturelle Grenzen überwindenden und völkerverbindenden Praxis, die der Forschung den Blick für gegenläufige Phänomene versperrt: für die Fremdheit, die in interethnischen Begegnungen entstehen kann, und für Rassismen, die vor dem Feld des Sports nicht haltmachen, sondern hier sportspezifische Gestalt annehmen können.

As long as racism has been associated with sport there have been consistent, if not coordinated or coherent, struggles to confront its various forms. Critical race theory (CRT) is a framework established to challenge these racialized inequalities and racism in society and has some utility for anti-racism in sport. CRT's focus on social justice and transformation are two areas of convergence between critical race theorists and anti-racists. Of the many nuanced and pernicious forms of racism, one of the most obvious and commonly reported forms of racism in sport, racial abuse, has been described as a kind of dehumanizing process by Gardiner (2003), as those who are its target are simultaneously (re)constructed and objectified according to everyday myth and fantasy. However, this is one of the many forms of everyday racist experiences. Various forms of racism can be experienced in boardrooms, on television, in print, in the stands, on the sidelines and on the pitch. Many times racism is trivialized and put down as part of the game (Long et al., 2000), yet its impact is rarely the source of further exploration. This article will explore the conceptualization of 'race' and racism for a more effective anti-racism. Critical race theory will also be used to explore the ideas that underpin considerations of the severity of racist behaviour and the implications for anti-racism.